Bladder cancer affects men more than women, but the mortality rate is higher in women. Experts warn women should take symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections, which often mimic symptoms of Bladder Cancer, more seriously.
Bladder cancer is the seventh most common cancer in the United Kingdom, with about 10,000 people developing bladder cancer each year. It is more common in men (7,300) than in women (2,800) with 55% of cases diagnosed in people aged 75 or over. The most common early symptom of bladder cancer is Haematuria (blood in urine). In the early stages the cancer is likely to be in the lining of the bladder. With early diagnosis, treatment is relatively easy to deal with and survival rates are high, especially in younger people. If the cancer has spread to deeper layers of the bladder wall, it is more difficult to treat. Even then, however, treatment can slow the progression and give precious time.
Women, in particular, need to be extra vigilant as it would appear they are presenting late and this is affecting outcomes negatively. Sara Hiom, Cancer Research United Kingdom's director of early diagnosis, has called for women to seek medical help as soon as they spot any unusual symptom.
The good news is that survival rates have increased substantially over the last 50 years and are projected to continue improving.
Blood in urine
The first symptom most people become aware of is blood in your urine. You should always consult a Doctor if you see blood in your urine, even if it is intermittent and a pattern that you habitually associate with UTI's. While a urinary tract infection is the most likely explanation for blood in the urine it can also be a sign of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer symptoms mimic cystitis symptoms, prompting experts to warn women not to dismiss blood in the urine as a simple urine infection. Doing so may lead to later diagnosis, and lower survival rates.
Bladder Cancer Symptoms - Early Stages
Bladder Cancer Symptoms - Advanced Stages
Many triggers have been cited alongside hereditary factors. There are factors which are generally accepted to increase the risk of bladder cancer developing. Broadly, these include:
More specifically:
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis is a condition affecting the bladder, caused by infection with a water bourne parasite commonly found in Egypt. Chronic inflammation of the bladder resulting from multiple Schistosoma infections can lead to more rapid cell reproduction. Repeated inflammation of the bladder can lead to a rarer form of Bladder Cancer known as Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) which makes up around 8% of Bladder Cancer cases.
Chronic Cystitis
Recurrent bladder infection, infections that happen repeatedly, are referred to as Chronic Cystitis. Risk factors for Chronic Cystitis include :
A small number of catheterised paraplegics, estimates range from 2% - 10%, also go on to develop the rarer form of Bladder Cancer known as SCC.
Prostatitis
In men, there are links with Prostatitis, and blood in the urine in men is considered a more serious sign than in women. This is partly because men are less prone to infections in the bladder, but also because of the known causes of cystitis in men. For serious bladder infections in men, even if D'Mannose clears the symptoms, it is strongly advised to see a Doctor for a thorough check-up.
During cystoscopy a Doctor is able to:
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